【图解】随机采样 & 相邻采样 python 实现

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随机采样

下面的代码每次从数据里随机采样一个小批量。其中批量大小batch_size是每个小批量的样本数，num_steps是每个样本所包含的时间步数。
在随机采样中，每个样本是原始序列上任意截取的一段序列，相邻的两个随机小批量在原始序列上的位置不一定相毗邻。

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import torch
import random
def data_iter_random(corpus_indices, batch_size, num_steps, device=None):
    # 减1是因为对于长度为n的序列，X最多只有包含其中的前n - 1个字符
    num_examples = (len(corpus_indices) - 1) // num_steps  # 下取整，得到不重叠情况下的样本个数
    example_indices = [i * num_steps for i in range(num_examples)]  # 每个样本的第一个字符在corpus_indices中的下标
    random.shuffle(example_indices)

    def _data(i):
        # 返回从i开始的长为num_steps的序列
        return corpus_indices[i: i + num_steps]
    if device is None:
        device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
    
    for i in range(0, num_examples, batch_size):
        # 每次选出batch_size个随机样本
        batch_indices = example_indices[i: i + batch_size]  # 当前batch的各个样本的首字符的下标
        X = [_data(j) for j in batch_indices]
        Y = [_data(j + 1) for j in batch_indices]
        yield torch.tensor(X, device=device), torch.tensor(Y, device=device)
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my_seq = list(range(30))
for X, Y in data_iter_random(my_seq, batch_size=2, num_steps=6):
    print('X: ', X, '\nY:', Y, '\n')
X:  tensor([[18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23],
        [ 6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11]]) 
Y: tensor([[19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24],
        [ 7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12]]) 

X:  tensor([[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17],
        [ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5]]) 
Y: tensor([[13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18],
        [ 1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6]])

​

相邻采样

在相邻采样中，相邻的两个随机小批量在原始序列上的位置相毗邻。

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def data_iter_consecutive(corpus_indices, batch_size, num_steps, device=None):
    if device is None:
        device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
    corpus_len = len(corpus_indices) // batch_size * batch_size  # 保留下来的序列的长度
    corpus_indices = corpus_indices[: corpus_len]  # 仅保留前corpus_len个字符
    indices = torch.tensor(corpus_indices, device=device)
    indices = indices.view(batch_size, -1)  # resize成(batch_size, )
    batch_num = (indices.shape[1] - 1) // num_steps
    for i in range(batch_num):
        i = i * num_steps
        X = indices[:, i: i + num_steps]
        Y = indices[:, i + 1: i + num_steps + 1]
        yield X, Y
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for X, Y in data_iter_consecutive(my_seq, batch_size=2, num_steps=6):
    print('X: ', X, '\nY:', Y, '\n')
X:  tensor([[ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5],
        [15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]]) 
Y: tensor([[ 1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6],
        [16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21]]) 

X:  tensor([[ 6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11],
        [21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26]]) 
Y: tensor([[ 7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12],
        [22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27]])

​

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